Theories of developmental dyslexia: Insights from a multiple case study

F. Ramus, S. Rosen, S. C. Dakin, B. L. Day, J. M. Castellote, S. White & U. Frith

Brain, 126, 841-865 (2003)

Supplementary material

Full details of the methods for visual perception tests: see here.

Table A. Balance tests

   
FAEOC7
FAEOCP
FTECC7
FTECCP
FTECAEC7
FTECAELH
FTECAERH
FTECAECP
FTAECBC7
FTAECBLH
FTAECBRH
FTAECBCP
Controls
Mean
158.1
253.8
342.9
579.3
341
566.2
539
632.8
359.8
659.5
633.9
765.3
(N=16)
St.Dev.
32.8
63.3
80.6
183.5
77.8
129
134.6
216.3
86.1
231.3
238
225.4
Dyslexics
Mean
141.5
250.8
343
613
339.8
568
545.3
663.2
346.6
631.3
601.1
790.1
(N=16)
St.Dev.
23.2
54.1
79.4
187.7
80.3
144.6
138.2
210.1
84.3
254.2
212.6
247.9

All measures are path lengths in millimetres.

FA: feet apart; FT: feet together.

EO: eyes open; EC: eyes closed.

AE: arms extended.

CB: counting backwards.

C7: diode at C7; CP: centre of foot pressure; LH: diode at left hand; RH: diode at right hand.

Table B. Finger tapping in synchrony

   
ALT2M1
ALT2SD1
ALT2M2
ALT2SD2
ALT5M1
ALT5SD1
ALT5M2
ALT5SD2
ASYM4M1
ASYM4SD1
ASYM4M2
ASYM4SD2
Controls
Mean
499.9
27.8
479.3
26.3
198.2
22.2
196.6
25.3
255.8
36.2
262.5
42.1
(N=16)
St.Dev.
3.8
9.7
16.6
7.8
3.3
6.7
12
10.1
24
14.2
27.6
23.4
Dyslexics
Mean
499.8
31.6
481.4
29.8
190.7
23.1
192.1
28.5
256.2
45.7
257.9
44.7
(N=16)
St.Dev.
1.3
9.9
18.5
9.5
17.1
11.3
14.2
18.4
21
21.6
17.1
21.2

All measures in millisecond.

ALT2: Alternate tapping at 2 Hz; ALT5: Alternate tapping at 5 Hz; ASYM4: Asymmetrical 2:1 tapping at 4 Hz.

M: inter-response interval mean; SD: inter-response interval standard deviation.

1: first phase (with metronome); 2: second phase (without metronome).